.. _sphx_glr_api_gallery_privacy_networks:

Anonymous networks
------------------

Hiding who talks to whom: mixes that batch and shuffle, and low-latency onion routing.


.. raw:: html

  <div id='sg-tag-list' class='sphx-glr-tag-list'></div>


.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnails">

.. thumbnail-parent-div-open

.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="David Chaum wanted to hide who writes to whom, even from someone watching every wire. A sender wraps its message in one layer of encryption per mix, innermost for the last. Each mix collects a batch, removes one layer from every message, and sends them on in a random order. The bytes change at every hop and so does the order, so an observer cannot match what goes in to what comes out.">

.. only:: html

  .. image:: /api/gallery/privacy/networks/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_01_chaum_mix_nets_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/api/gallery/privacy/networks/plot_01_chaum_mix_nets`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Chaum's mix-nets: untraceable mail (1981)</div>
    </div>


.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Tor wraps traffic in layers like a mix-net, through a circuit of three relays, but forwards each packet at once: no batching, no reordering. That makes browsing fast enough to use. The design paper states the price: an adversary that watches both ends of a circuit can match the packet timing going in to the timing coming out. Delays shift every packet alike, so the gaps between packets survive the trip.">

.. only:: html

  .. image:: /api/gallery/privacy/networks/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_02_tor_onion_routing_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/api/gallery/privacy/networks/plot_02_tor_onion_routing`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Onion routing in Tor: fast, but exposed end to end (2004)</div>
    </div>


.. thumbnail-parent-div-close

.. raw:: html

    </div>


.. toctree::
   :hidden:

   /api/gallery/privacy/networks/plot_01_chaum_mix_nets
   /api/gallery/privacy/networks/plot_02_tor_onion_routing