.. _sphx_glr_api_gallery_solutions_solubility:

Solubility equilibria
---------------------

Nernst's solubility product for salts of any stoichiometry, and Le
Chatelier's common-ion effect.


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Le Chatelier&#x27;s principle says an equilibrium disturbed by adding one of its participants shifts to consume it. Adding chloride to saturated AgCl drives \text{AgCl}(s) \rightleftharpoons \text{Ag}^+ + \text{Cl}^- back toward the solid, so AgCl&#x27;s molar solubility (~chemistrykit.solutions.systems.solubility.molar_solubility_from_ksp) drops sharply as increasing concentrations of a common ion (here, Cl- from added NaCl) are introduced -- the direction Le Chatelier predicts, and the size quantified exactly by molar_solubility_with_common_ion.">

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  .. image:: /api/gallery/solutions/solubility/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_01_le_chatelier_common_ion_effect_thumb.png
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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Le Chatelier's principle: the common-ion effect on AgCl solubility</div>
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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Nernst showed that for a sparingly soluble salt M_pX_q in equilibrium with its saturated solution, the product of the ion concentrations, each raised to its stoichiometric coefficient, is a constant:">

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  .. image:: /api/gallery/solutions/solubility/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_02_nernst_solubility_product_thumb.png
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  :doc:`/api/gallery/solutions/solubility/plot_02_nernst_solubility_product`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Nernst's solubility product: Ksp for salts of any stoichiometry</div>
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.. toctree::
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   /api/gallery/solutions/solubility/plot_01_le_chatelier_common_ion_effect
   /api/gallery/solutions/solubility/plot_02_nernst_solubility_product