.. _sphx_glr_api_gallery_solutions_titration:

Titration curves
----------------

Strong/strong and weak-acid/strong-base titration curves with
numerically detected equivalence points, and Gran-plot extrapolation of
the equivalence volume.


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  <div id='sg-tag-list' class='sphx-glr-tag-list'></div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnails">

.. thumbnail-parent-div-open

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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="The volumetric analysis Gay-Lussac and Mohr systematized finds how much acid a sample contains from the burette volume at which it has been exactly neutralized -- the equivalence point, seen by eye as an indicator&#x27;s sudden colour change and here located numerically as the steepest point of the pH curve (~chemistrykit.solutions.core.base_system.Titration.find_equivalence_point). Comparing a strong-acid/strong-base titration (~chemistrykit.solutions.systems.titration.StrongAcidStrongBaseTitration) against a weak-acid/strong-base titration (~chemistrykit.solutions.systems.titration.WeakAcidStrongBaseTitration) of the same concentrations: the weak-acid curve starts at a higher pH, has a buffer region around its half-equivalence point (where pH = pKa), and its equivalence point is basic rather than neutral -- all visible directly from the curve shapes.">

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  .. image:: /api/gallery/solutions/titration/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_01_titration_curves_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/api/gallery/solutions/titration/plot_01_titration_curves`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Volumetric titration: locating the equivalence point</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Near the equivalence point a titration curve is steep and hard to sample. Gran observed that before the equivalence point of a strong acid titrated with a strong base,">

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  .. image:: /api/gallery/solutions/titration/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_02_gran_plot_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/api/gallery/solutions/titration/plot_02_gran_plot`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Gran's plot: finding the equivalence point by linear extrapolation</div>
    </div>


.. thumbnail-parent-div-close

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    </div>


.. toctree::
   :hidden:

   /api/gallery/solutions/titration/plot_01_titration_curves
   /api/gallery/solutions/titration/plot_02_gran_plot