.. DO NOT EDIT.
.. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY.
.. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE:
.. "api/gallery/atmosphere/plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.py"
.. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW.

.. only:: html

    .. note::
        :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note

        :ref:`Go to the end <sphx_glr_download_api_gallery_atmosphere_plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.py>`
        to download the full example code or to run this example in your browser via JupyterLite.

.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title

.. _sphx_glr_api_gallery_atmosphere_plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.py:


Pascal and Périer on the Puy de Dôme (1648)
===========================================

At Blaise Pascal's request, his brother-in-law Florin Périer carried a
mercury barometer from Clermont to the top of the Puy de Dôme, about 500 toises
(975 m) higher. The column fell by 3 inches and 1.5 lines, about 85 mm, while
a second barometer left in the town stayed put. Air has weight, and there is
less of it above a mountain. An isothermal column at 10 °C reproduces the
measured drop to within a few millimetres.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 12-36



.. image-sg:: /api/gallery/atmosphere/images/sphx_glr_plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome_001.png
   :alt: The barometer falls on the mountain
   :srcset: /api/gallery/atmosphere/images/sphx_glr_plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome_001.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    model drop 84.3 mm, Périer measured 84.6 mm






|

.. code-block:: Python


    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np

    from earthsciencekit.atmosphere import barometer_column_height, barometric_pressure
    from earthsciencekit.constants import GRAVITY

    mercury, climb = 13595.1, 975.0
    inch, line = 27.07e-3, 27.07e-3 / 12
    measured_drop = 3 * inch + 1.5 * line
    height = np.linspace(0, 1500, 151)
    pressure = barometric_pressure(101325, height, 283.15, GRAVITY)
    column = barometer_column_height(pressure, mercury, GRAVITY)
    drop = float(column[0] - barometer_column_height(barometric_pressure(101325, climb, 283.15, GRAVITY), mercury, GRAVITY))
    assert abs(drop - measured_drop) < 3e-3
    print(f"model drop {drop * 1000:.1f} mm, Périer measured {measured_drop * 1000:.1f} mm")

    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    ax.plot(column * 1000, height, label="isothermal column, 283 K")
    ax.plot([column[0] * 1000, column[0] * 1000 - measured_drop * 1000], [0, climb], "o", color="tab:red", label="Périer, 19 September 1648")
    ax.set(xlabel="mercury column [mm]", ylabel="height above Clermont [m]", title="The barometer falls on the mountain")
    ax.legend()

    plt.show()


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing

   **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 0.090 seconds)


.. _sphx_glr_download_api_gallery_atmosphere_plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.py:

.. only:: html

  .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example

    .. container:: lite-badge

      .. image:: images/jupyterlite_badge_logo.svg
        :target: ../../../lite/lab/index.html?path=api/gallery/atmosphere/plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.ipynb
        :alt: Launch JupyterLite
        :width: 150 px

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter

      :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.ipynb <plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.ipynb>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python

      :download:`Download Python source code: plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.py <plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.py>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip

      :download:`Download zipped: plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.zip <plot_02_pascal_perier_puy_de_dome.zip>`


.. only:: html

 .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature

    `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.github.io>`_