.. DO NOT EDIT.
.. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY.
.. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE:
.. "api/gallery/oceanography/plot_05_challenger_soundings.py"
.. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW.

.. only:: html

    .. note::
        :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note

        :ref:`Go to the end <sphx_glr_download_api_gallery_oceanography_plot_05_challenger_soundings.py>`
        to download the full example code or to run this example in your browser via JupyterLite.

.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title

.. _sphx_glr_api_gallery_oceanography_plot_05_challenger_soundings.py:


The Challenger soundings (1872)
===============================

HMS Challenger's expedition of 1872-1876 made the first systematic soundings
of the deep ocean and in 1875 found 4475 fathoms (8184 m) in the Mariana
Trench. Pressure in the water grows by about one atmosphere every 10 m, so
the instruments at that depth had to survive more than 800 atmospheres.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 10-32



.. image-sg:: /api/gallery/oceanography/images/sphx_glr_plot_05_challenger_soundings_001.png
   :alt: Hydrostatic pressure in the deep ocean
   :srcset: /api/gallery/oceanography/images/sphx_glr_plot_05_challenger_soundings_001.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img





.. code-block:: Python


    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np

    from earthsciencekit.constants import GRAVITY
    from earthsciencekit.oceanography import hydrostatic_pressure
    from earthsciencekit.units import convert

    atmosphere = 101325.0
    deepest = 4475 * 1.8288
    assert np.isclose(hydrostatic_pressure(1025, 10, GRAVITY), atmosphere, rtol=0.01)
    assert hydrostatic_pressure(1025, deepest, GRAVITY) > 800 * atmosphere

    depth = np.linspace(0, 11000, 200)
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    ax.plot(convert(hydrostatic_pressure(1025, depth, GRAVITY), "Pa", "MPa"), depth / 1e3)
    ax.plot(convert(hydrostatic_pressure(1025, deepest, GRAVITY), "Pa", "MPa"), deepest / 1e3, "o", label="Challenger sounding, 1875")
    ax.invert_yaxis()
    ax.set(xlabel="gauge pressure [MPa]", ylabel="depth [km]", title="Hydrostatic pressure in the deep ocean")
    ax.legend()

    plt.show()


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing

   **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 0.072 seconds)


.. _sphx_glr_download_api_gallery_oceanography_plot_05_challenger_soundings.py:

.. only:: html

  .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example

    .. container:: lite-badge

      .. image:: images/jupyterlite_badge_logo.svg
        :target: ../../../lite/lab/index.html?path=api/gallery/oceanography/plot_05_challenger_soundings.ipynb
        :alt: Launch JupyterLite
        :width: 150 px

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter

      :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_05_challenger_soundings.ipynb <plot_05_challenger_soundings.ipynb>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python

      :download:`Download Python source code: plot_05_challenger_soundings.py <plot_05_challenger_soundings.py>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip

      :download:`Download zipped: plot_05_challenger_soundings.zip <plot_05_challenger_soundings.zip>`


.. only:: html

 .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature

    `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.github.io>`_