.. DO NOT EDIT.
.. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY.
.. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE:
.. "api/gallery/plate_tectonics/plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.py"
.. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW.

.. only:: html

    .. note::
        :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note

        :ref:`Go to the end <sphx_glr_download_api_gallery_plate_tectonics_plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.py>`
        to download the full example code or to run this example in your browser via JupyterLite.

.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title

.. _sphx_glr_api_gallery_plate_tectonics_plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.py:


Isacks, Oliver and Sykes's subducting slabs (1968)
==================================================

Bryan Isacks, Jack Oliver and Lynn Sykes traced deep earthquakes down
inclined zones beneath trenches and read them as cold lithosphere sinking
into the mantle. A shallower dip lengthens the path to a given depth; only the
part of the relative motion normal to the trench is convergence.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 10-35



.. image-sg:: /api/gallery/plate_tectonics/images/sphx_glr_plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs_001.png
   :alt: Slab geometry, Time to reach depth
   :srcset: /api/gallery/plate_tectonics/images/sphx_glr_plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs_001.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img





.. code-block:: Python


    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np

    from earthsciencekit.plate_tectonics import convergence_rate, subduction_travel_time
    from earthsciencekit.units import convert

    relative = convert(9.0, "cm/year", "m/s")
    speed = convergence_rate(relative, np.deg2rad(25.0))
    depth = np.linspace(0, 660e3, 67)
    fig, (left, right) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(9, 4))
    for dip in [30, 45, 60, 90]:
        time = subduction_travel_time(depth, speed, np.deg2rad(dip))
        right.plot(convert(time, "s", "year") / 1e6, depth / 1e3, label=f"dip {dip} degree")
        left.plot(depth / np.tan(np.deg2rad(dip)) / 1e3 if dip < 90 else 0 * depth, depth / 1e3)
    assert np.isclose(float(subduction_travel_time(660e3, speed, np.pi / 2)), 660e3 / speed)
    assert np.isclose(float(subduction_travel_time(660e3, speed, np.pi / 6)), 2 * 660e3 / speed)
    for ax in (left, right):
        ax.invert_yaxis()
    left.set(xlabel="distance from trench [km]", ylabel="depth [km]", title="Slab geometry")
    right.set(xlabel="time since entering trench [million years]", title="Time to reach depth")
    right.legend()
    fig.tight_layout()

    plt.show()


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing

   **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 0.208 seconds)


.. _sphx_glr_download_api_gallery_plate_tectonics_plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.py:

.. only:: html

  .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example

    .. container:: lite-badge

      .. image:: images/jupyterlite_badge_logo.svg
        :target: ../../../lite/lab/index.html?path=api/gallery/plate_tectonics/plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.ipynb
        :alt: Launch JupyterLite
        :width: 150 px

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter

      :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.ipynb <plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.ipynb>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python

      :download:`Download Python source code: plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.py <plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.py>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip

      :download:`Download zipped: plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.zip <plot_11_isacks_oliver_sykes_subducting_slabs.zip>`


.. only:: html

 .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature

    `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.github.io>`_