Scientific teaching references

These primary university and agency resources explain the scientific setting. Descriptions and examples here are original, compact explanations of a selected model subset. No external course content or observational data are bundled.

Plate Tectonics

• USGS: Developing plate-tectonics theory

• USGS: Magnetic stripes and isotopic clocks

• MIT: Essentials of Geophysics lecture notes

Seismology

• USGS: Magnitude, energy release and intensity

• MIT: Essentials of Geophysics lecture notes

Atmosphere

• MIT: Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics

• MIT: Atmospheric Radiation lecture notes

Climate

• MIT: Global Warming Science

• MIT: Thermodynamics and Climate Change textbook

Oceanography

• NOAA: Coriolis and ocean currents

• MIT: Observational Physical Oceanography lecture notes

• MIT: Wave Motion in the Ocean and Atmosphere

Geophysics

• MIT: Essentials of Geophysics lecture notes

• NOAA NCEI: Geomagnetism

• NASA: GRACE

Volcanology

• USGS Volcano Hazards Program

• Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program