.. _sphx_glr_api_gallery_particle_flavor_physics:

Flavor physics
-----------------

The CKM quark-mixing matrix and its single, unavoidable CP-violating
phase once three quark generations mix.


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  <div id='sg-tag-list' class='sphx-glr-tag-list'></div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnails">

.. thumbnail-parent-div-open

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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Cronin and Fitch&#x27;s CP violation had no accepted explanation until Kobayashi and Maskawa (1973) showed that a third generation of quarks -- at the time, an unconfirmed extrapolation -- forces the resulting three-generation quark-mixing matrix to admit exactly one physical complex phase, making CP violation an unavoidable feature of the weak interaction rather than an ad hoc addition. No dedicated CKM function exists in physicskit.particle (the package&#x27;s other CP-violation model, the neutral-kaon system, is phenomenological rather than built from an underlying mixing matrix); this example builds the standard three-generation unitary mixing matrix directly from Euler-like mixing angles and one phase -- the same parametrization structure as the PMNS lepton-mixing matrix -- checks its unitarity, and shows that the single complex phase is exactly what a two-generation (Cabibbo) matrix cannot admit.">

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  .. image:: /api/gallery/particle/flavor_physics/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_01_ckm_matrix_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/api/gallery/particle/flavor_physics/plot_01_ckm_matrix`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Kobayashi and Maskawa: the CKM matrix and three quark generations</div>
    </div>


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    </div>


.. toctree::
   :hidden:

   /api/gallery/particle/flavor_physics/plot_01_ckm_matrix