.. _sphx_glr_api_gallery_strain:

Strain
------

Mechanical strain as a gauge field: triaxial strain bends graphene's
bonds into a *pseudo*-magnetic field that quantizes the Dirac spectrum
into Landau levels while leaving the Hamiltonian real, and therefore
time-reversal symmetry intact.


.. raw:: html

  <div id='sg-tag-list' class='sphx-glr-tag-list'></div>


.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnails">

.. thumbnail-parent-div-open

.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Stretching graphene changes its bond lengths, and therefore its hopping amplitudes. Near the Dirac point a smooth modulation of the three nearest-neighbor hoppings enters the Dirac equation exactly the way a vector potential does -- it shifts the Dirac point in momentum space -- so a strain field whose modulation grows linearly with position acts on the electrons as a uniform magnetic field, and quantizes their spectrum into Landau levels.">

.. only:: html

  .. image:: /api/gallery/strain/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_pseudo_magnetic_field_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/api/gallery/strain/plot_pseudo_magnetic_field`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Strain as a Gauge Field: Pseudo-Landau Levels in Graphene</div>
    </div>


.. thumbnail-parent-div-close

.. raw:: html

    </div>


.. toctree::
   :hidden:

   /api/gallery/strain/plot_pseudo_magnetic_field