engineeringkit.heat_transfer#

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Conduction, convection, radiation, fins and heat exchangers.

Classical heat-transfer models: conduction, convection, radiation and heat exchangers.

class engineeringkit.heat_transfer.WallResult(heat_rate, interface_temperatures)[source]#

Bases: object

Parameters:

  • heat_rate (float)

  • interface_temperatures (ndarray)

heat_rate: float#
interface_temperatures: ndarray#
plot()[source]#
summary()[source]#
engineeringkit.heat_transfer.biot_number(h, Lc, k)[source]#

Biot number.

Parameters:

  • h (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Lc (m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • k (W/(m K)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.blackbody_peak_wavelength(T)[source]#

Blackbody peak wavelength.

Parameters:

T (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.composite_wall(T_hot, T_cold, layers, A=1.0, h_hot=None, h_cold=None)[source]#

Composite wall.

Parameters:

  • T_hot (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • T_cold (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • layers (sequence of (thickness [m], conductivity [W/(m K)])) – Input in the units stated above.

  • A (m^2) – Input in the units stated above.

  • h_hot (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • h_cold (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

WallResult: heat rate [W], interface temperatures [K].

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.convection_heat_rate(h, A, Ts, Tinf)[source]#

Convection heat rate.

Parameters:

  • h (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • A (m^2) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Ts (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Tinf (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.convection_resistance(h, A=1.0)[source]#

Convection resistance.

Parameters:

  • h (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • A (m^2) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

K/W.

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.critical_insulation_radius_cylinder(k, h)[source]#

Critical insulation radius cylinder.

Parameters:

  • k (W/(m K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • h (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.critical_insulation_radius_sphere(k, h)[source]#

Critical insulation radius sphere.

Parameters:

  • k (W/(m K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • h (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.cylinder_resistance(r1, r2, k, L=1.0)[source]#

Cylinder resistance.

Parameters:

  • r1 (m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • r2 (m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • k (W/(m K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • L (m) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

K/W.

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.exchanger_effectiveness_counterflow(NTU, Cr)[source]#

Exchanger effectiveness counterflow.

Parameters:

  • NTU (1) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Cr (1) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.exchanger_effectiveness_parallel(NTU, Cr)[source]#

Exchanger effectiveness parallel.

Parameters:

  • NTU (1) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Cr (1) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.fin_efficiency_adiabatic(m, L)[source]#

Adiabatic-tip straight-fin efficiency; tends to one for m*L = 0.

Parameters:

  • m (1/m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • L (m) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.fin_heat_rate_adiabatic(h, P, k, Ac, L, Tb, Tinf)[source]#

Fin heat rate adiabatic.

Parameters:

  • h (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • P (m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • k (W/(m K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Ac (m^2) – Input in the units stated above.

  • L (m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Tb (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Tinf (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.fin_parameter(h, P, k, Ac)[source]#

Fin parameter.

Parameters:

  • h (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • P (m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • k (W/(m K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Ac (m^2) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

1/m.

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.fourier_heat_rate(k, A, dT, L)[source]#

Fourier heat rate.

Parameters:

  • k (W/(m K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • A (m^2) – Input in the units stated above.

  • dT (K (difference)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • L (m) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.fourier_number(alpha, t, Lc)[source]#

Fourier number.

Parameters:

  • alpha (m^2/s) – Input in the units stated above.

  • t (s) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Lc (m) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.heat_exchanger_rate(U, A, dt_lm, F=1.0)[source]#

Heat exchanger rate.

Parameters:

  • U (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • A (m^2) – Input in the units stated above.

  • dt_lm (K (difference)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • F (1) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.log_mean_temperature_difference(dt1, dt2)[source]#

Log mean temperature difference.

Parameters:

  • dt1 (K (difference)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • dt2 (K (difference)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.lumped_temperature(Ti, Tinf, h, A, rho, cp, V, t)[source]#

Lumped temperature.

Parameters:

  • Ti (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Tinf (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • h (W/(m^2 K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • A (m^2) – Input in the units stated above.

  • rho (kg/m^3) – Input in the units stated above.

  • cp (J/(kg K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • V (m^3) – Input in the units stated above.

  • t (s) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.overall_u(*resistances)[source]#

Combine full thermal resistances into conductance (legacy name).

Parameters:

resistances (K/W (each full resistance, including area)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

W/K (conductance, not area-normalized U).

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.plane_wall_resistance(L, k, A=1.0)[source]#

Plane wall resistance.

Parameters:

  • L (m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • k (W/(m K)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • A (m^2) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

K/W.

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.radiation_coefficient(epsilon, Ts, Tsur, sigma=5.670374419e-08)[source]#

Radiation coefficient.

Parameters:

  • epsilon (1) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Ts (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Tsur (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • sigma (W/(m^2 K^4)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

W/(m^2 K).

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.radiation_heat_rate(epsilon, A, Ts, Tsur, sigma=5.670374419e-08)[source]#

Radiation heat rate.

Parameters:

  • epsilon (1) – Input in the units stated above.

  • A (m^2) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Ts (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Tsur (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • sigma (W/(m^2 K^4)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.semi_infinite_temperature(Ti, Ts, x, alpha, t)[source]#

Semi infinite temperature.

Parameters:

  • Ti (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • Ts (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • x (m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • alpha (m^2/s) – Input in the units stated above.

  • t (s) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.sphere_resistance(r1, r2, k)[source]#

Sphere resistance.

Parameters:

  • r1 (m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • r2 (m) – Input in the units stated above.

  • k (W/(m K)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

K/W.

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.

engineeringkit.heat_transfer.stefan_boltzmann_emissive_power(T, sigma=5.670374419e-08)[source]#

Stefan boltzmann emissive power.

Parameters:

  • T (K (absolute)) – Input in the units stated above.

  • sigma (W/(m^2 K^4)) – Input in the units stated above.

Returns:

W/m^2.

Return type:

result

Notes

Assumptions, governing equations and validity limits are discussed in Heat transfer: absolute temperatures and resistance accounting. SI inputs are required; raw numbers carry no dimensional metadata.