Key stretching# Making every guess at a password cost time and memory, and what happens without it. PBKDF2 key stretching (2000) PBKDF2 key stretching (2000) scrypt and memory-hard key derivation (2009) scrypt and memory-hard key derivation (2009) The brain-wallet drain (Vasek et al., 2016) The brain-wallet drain (Vasek et al., 2016)