Quantum yields#

The Grotthuss-Draper and Stark-Einstein laws of photochemistry (absorbed photons and the photochemical quantum yield), and Vavilov’s law for the fluorescence quantum yield.

Grotthuss-Draper law: only absorbed light drives photochemistry

Stark-Einstein law: one absorbed photon, at most one reacting molecule

Vavilov’s law: fluorescence quantum yield is independent of excitation wavelength

Vavilov's law: fluorescence quantum yield is independent of excitation wavelength