Acid-base equilibria#

The law of mass action, Arrhenius dissociation and Ostwald’s dilution law, Sorensen’s pH scale, Bronsted-Lowry conjugate pairs, Henderson-Hasselbalch buffer design, Van Slyke buffer capacity, and Bjerrum speciation diagrams for polyprotic acids.

Ostwald’s dilution law: weak acids dissociate more when diluted

Ostwald's dilution law: weak acids dissociate more when diluted

Guldberg and Waage’s law of mass action: a constant equilibrium quotient

Guldberg and Waage's law of mass action: a constant equilibrium quotient

Arrhenius’s electrolytic dissociation: how much of an electrolyte is ions?

Arrhenius's electrolytic dissociation: how much of an electrolyte is ions?

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and buffer design

Sorensen’s pH scale: a logarithm for hydrogen-ion concentration

Sorensen's pH scale: a logarithm for hydrogen-ion concentration

Bjerrum’s speciation diagrams for polyprotic acids

Bjerrum's speciation diagrams for polyprotic acids

Van Slyke’s buffer capacity: how strongly a solution resists pH change

Van Slyke's buffer capacity: how strongly a solution resists pH change

Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base pairs: pKa + pKb = pKw