Thermochemistry

Hess’s law of constant heat summation and Nernst’s heat theorem: reaction enthalpies built from steps or formation enthalpies, and the behavior of reaction entropies and free energies as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

Hess’s law: reaction enthalpy does not depend on the path

Hess's law: reaction enthalpy does not depend on the path

Nernst’s heat theorem: reaction entropy vanishes at absolute zero

Nernst's heat theorem: reaction entropy vanishes at absolute zero