Landau Levels

The continuum quantization of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field: equally spaced Landau levels, their macroscopic per-area degeneracy, and the disorder-broadened density of states whose filling factor sets the quantum Hall effect’s plateau sequence.

Landau’s 1930 Solution: Discrete Levels from a Continuous Field

Landau's 1930 Solution: Discrete Levels from a Continuous Field