Reaction equilibrium#
The law of mass action, Gibbs-energy minimization, the van’t Hoff plot, and Le Chatelier’s principle.
Guldberg and Waage’s law of mass action: Q = K at equilibrium
Guldberg and Waage's law of mass action: Q = K at equilibrium
Gibbs’s equilibrium criterion: minimum total Gibbs energy
Gibbs's equilibrium criterion: minimum total Gibbs energy
Le Chatelier’s principle: equilibrium shifts that oppose a disturbance
Le Chatelier's principle: equilibrium shifts that oppose a disturbance