Trusses

Pin-jointed trusses by statics and by stiffness.

Whipple’s method of joints (1847)

Whipple's method of joints (1847)

Maxwell’s rigidity count and reciprocal theorem (1864)

Maxwell's rigidity count and reciprocal theorem (1864)

Turner, Clough, Martin and Topp: the direct stiffness method (1956)

Turner, Clough, Martin and Topp: the direct stiffness method (1956)