Convection

Newton cooling, Nusselt-number correlations for forced and natural convection, laminar tube flow and the heat and mass transfer analogy.

Newton’s law of cooling (1701)

Newton's law of cooling (1701)

Dittus and Boelter: turbulent pipe convection (1930)

Dittus and Boelter: turbulent pipe convection (1930)

Churchill and Chu: natural convection over all Rayleigh numbers (1975)

Churchill and Chu: natural convection over all Rayleigh numbers (1975)

Graetz’s laminar tube flow (1883)

Graetz's laminar tube flow (1883)

Pohlhausen’s thermal boundary layer (1921)

Pohlhausen's thermal boundary layer (1921)

The Chilton-Colburn analogy (1934)

The Chilton-Colburn analogy (1934)

Žukauskas’s tube banks in crossflow (1972)

Žukauskas's tube banks in crossflow (1972)

Churchill and Bernstein: the cylinder in crossflow (1977)

Churchill and Bernstein: the cylinder in crossflow (1977)