Modulation

Amplitude, suppressed-carrier and frequency modulation, and their noise performance.

Fessenden’s amplitude modulation (1906)

Fessenden's amplitude modulation (1906)

Carson’s suppressed-carrier modulation (1915)

Carson's suppressed-carrier modulation (1915)

Armstrong’s wideband FM and Carson’s bandwidth rule (1933-1936)

Armstrong's wideband FM and Carson's bandwidth rule (1933-1936)

Crosby’s noise analysis of FM against AM (1937)

Crosby's noise analysis of FM against AM (1937)