Examples#

This gallery walks through every public feature of engineeringkit.electrical_engineering, one breakthrough per script: DC circuits and nodal analysis, equivalent networks, transients, AC circuits, electronics, machines, transmission lines and power systems.

Units, assumptions and numerical validation gives the physical validity limits. Each script is self-contained and can be run directly with python examples/electrical_engineering/<section>/<script>.py.

Sections#

  • dc_circuits – Ohm’s law, Wheatstone’s bridge and Kirchhoff’s nodal analysis.

  • networks – Jacobi’s maximum power theorem, Thévenin and Norton equivalents.

  • transients – Kelvin’s telegraph cable, Helmholtz’s RL current rise and Kelvin’s oscillatory RLC discharge.

  • ac_circuits – Stanley’s transformer, Steinmetz’s phasors and Lodge’s resonance.

  • electronics – Ragazzini’s operational amplifier and Shockley’s diode with its load line.

  • machines – The Hopkinsons’ DC machine and Steinmetz’s induction motor equivalent circuit.

  • transmission_lines – Heaviside’s telegrapher’s equations and the Smith chart.

  • power – Tesla’s three-phase system, Fortescue’s symmetrical components and fault currents, Budeanu’s reactive power, swing curves and the equal-area criterion, and the Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson load flows.

AC circuits#

Phasors, complex impedance, resonance and the transformer.

Stanley’s transformer (1886)

Stanley's transformer (1886)

Steinmetz’s phasors and complex impedance (1893)

Steinmetz's phasors and complex impedance (1893)

Lodge’s syntonic tuning: series resonance (1897)

Lodge's syntonic tuning: series resonance (1897)

DC circuits#

Ohm’s law, bridges and Kirchhoff’s laws for resistive networks.

Ohm’s law (1827)

Ohm's law (1827)

Wheatstone’s bridge (1843)

Wheatstone's bridge (1843)

Kirchhoff’s circuit laws and nodal analysis (1845)

Kirchhoff's circuit laws and nodal analysis (1845)

Electronics#

Ideal op-amp circuits, the junction diode and its load line.

Ragazzini’s operational amplifier (1947)

Ragazzini's operational amplifier (1947)

Shockley’s diode equation and the load line (1949)

Shockley's diode equation and the load line (1949)

Machines#

DC machine and induction motor equivalent circuits and their torque-speed curves.

The Hopkinsons’ dynamo and the DC machine (1886)

The Hopkinsons' dynamo and the DC machine (1886)

Steinmetz’s induction motor equivalent circuit (1897)

Steinmetz's induction motor equivalent circuit (1897)

Networks#

Two-terminal equivalents and maximum power transfer.

Jacobi’s maximum power theorem (c. 1840)

Jacobi's maximum power theorem (c. 1840)

Thévenin’s equivalent circuit (1883)

Thévenin's equivalent circuit (1883)

Norton’s equivalent circuit (1926)

Norton's equivalent circuit (1926)

Power#

Three-phase supply, reactive power, symmetrical components and faults, load flow and transient stability.

Tesla’s polyphase system (1888)

Tesla's polyphase system (1888)

Fortescue’s symmetrical components (1918)

Fortescue's symmetrical components (1918)

Budeanu’s reactive power and the power factor (1927)

Budeanu's reactive power and the power factor (1927)

Ward and Hale’s digital load flow (1956)

Ward and Hale's digital load flow (1956)

Swing curves and the equal-area criterion (1926)

Swing curves and the equal-area criterion (1926)

Tinney and Hart’s Newton-Raphson load flow (1967)

Tinney and Hart's Newton-Raphson load flow (1967)

Transients#

First-order charging, the RL current rise and the second-order RLC step.

Kelvin’s telegraph cable and the RC time constant (1855)

Kelvin's telegraph cable and the RC time constant (1855)

Helmholtz’s inductive current rise (1851)

Helmholtz's inductive current rise (1851)

Kelvin’s oscillatory discharge and the RLC step response (1853)

Kelvin's oscillatory discharge and the RLC step response (1853)

Transmission lines#

Distributed lines, reflections and the Smith chart.

Heaviside’s telegrapher’s equations and the distortionless line (1876-1887)

Heaviside's telegrapher's equations and the distortionless line (1876-1887)

Smith’s chart (1939)

Smith's chart (1939)

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