Measurement# Flow speed and flow rate from pressure differences, orifices and weirs. Pitot’s tube (1732) Pitot's tube (1732) Venturi’s tube (1797) Venturi's tube (1797) Torricelli’s law of efflux (1644) Torricelli's law of efflux (1644) James Thomson’s triangular notch (1858) James Thomson's triangular notch (1858)